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The success of leek production in open fields is heavily influenced by proper winter management, making it essential to focus on four key practices. First, watering. After the onset of winter, when temperatures drop below -5°C, the ground begins to freeze and the leeks enter their dormant phase. At this stage, it's crucial to apply a layer of frozen water. This helps protect the underground rhizomes from freezing damage and also prevents drought in early spring, setting the stage for healthy growth throughout the season. Watering too early, when the soil isn't yet frozen, leads to quick evaporation and poor moisture retention. On the other hand, watering too late, when the soil is already frozen, can worsen frost damage and cause root suffocation due to lack of oxygen. Therefore, the best time to apply frozen water is when the soil just starts to freeze overnight.
Second, applying wax fertilizer. This practice not only helps insulate the plants against cold but also promotes strong growth in spring. A good option is to use well-rotted human or animal manure, with about 1,500 to 2,000 kg per acre being ideal.
Third, cultivating the soil around the roots. During winter, it’s important to loosen the soil between the rows, especially near the base of the leeks. This helps prevent freezing, improves soil aeration, and enhances nutrient absorption by the roots. It’s recommended to do this two or three times throughout the winter season.
Lastly, mulching. Covering the leeks with straw, hay, or animal manure can provide insulation, keeping them warm and protecting them from extreme cold. For each acre, you can use approximately 2,500 kg of manure or 250 to 300 kg of fireweed, evenly spread over the surface. These measures ensure that leeks survive the winter in good condition and are ready for vigorous growth in spring.