The revolution is here: self-driving cars are already on the road
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Self-driving cars are no longer just a futuristic concept—they're becoming a real part of the automotive industry. Major car manufacturers are already testing vehicles with advanced levels of autonomy, and some models, like Tesla's, are already in use. These autonomous vehicles are expected to arrive in Portugal by 2025, but their deployment depends heavily on 5G technology. Since Portugal is only projected to have 70% of its area covered by 5G by 2023, the rollout of these cars will likely be delayed until the network is more widespread.
Self-driving cars operate through an independent navigation system that doesn’t rely on human input. They use artificial intelligence to scan roads, detect obstacles, recognize traffic signs and signals, and make decisions in real time. These vehicles are equipped with multiple sensors, cameras, and radar systems that allow them to monitor their surroundings continuously. While 360-degree cameras are common in traditional cars for parking assistance, in self-driving cars, they serve a much broader purpose—providing a complete view of the environment to ensure safe navigation.
Autonomous vehicles are categorized into five levels of autonomy. Level 1 includes basic driver-assist features like automatic steering or acceleration. Level 2 introduces autopilot functions such as lane-keeping and adaptive cruise control, though the driver must still remain attentive. Level 3 allows the car to drive itself in certain conditions, though it may require the driver to take over in complex situations. Level 4 represents full autonomy in specific environments, while Level 5 is the ultimate goal: completely driverless operation under all conditions.
There are several benefits to self-driving cars, including increased safety, reduced pollution, and greater accessibility for those who cannot drive. However, there are also challenges, such as high costs and the loss of the driving experience. While electric vehicles are already expensive, autonomous cars are expected to be even pricier due to the advanced technology involved. Despite these hurdles, the future of transportation is moving quickly toward full autonomy, and we may soon see vehicles that not only drive themselves but also fuel themselves. The pace of innovation suggests that this future could arrive sooner than we expect.