Analysis of tractor battery capacity problem
There are many reasons why tractors can't work properly, but sometimes people tend to focus only on external problems, and in some cases they are actually tractor problems. For example, battery capacity drops. The capacity of the battery is directly related to whether the tractor can start and run normally. If the maintenance is not good, even if the newly installed battery will have a rapid decline in capacity, the service life will be shortened. What causes the capacity to drop? Let's take a look at it together: Reason one: plate vulcanization That is, the white coarse grained lead sulfate gradually formed on the surface of the electrode plate, and the crystal grain is hard, and it is difficult to dissolve in the electrolyte, and it is not easy to reduce the reaction with the electrolyte, thereby reducing the active material. In addition, the coarse-grained lead sulfate blocks the pores of the plates, making the electrolyte infiltration difficult, and increasing the internal resistance, so that the active substances participating in the reaction in the plates are reduced, resulting in a decrease in the battery capacity. The causes of plate vulcanization are: (1) The battery is in a state of full discharge or semi-discharge for a long time. Due to temperature changes, such as high temperature, a part of lead sulfate on the plate is dissolved in the electrolyte. When the temperature is lowered, the lead sulfate dissolved in the electrolyte will be re-precipitated, resulting in Crystallization, the formation of coarse grains adheres to the plates. (2) The liquid level of the battery is lowered, so that the exposed edge of the electrode plate is exposed to the oxidation of the air, and the oxidized portion is in contact with the electrolyte in the mechanical running bump, and coarse grained lead sulfate is also generated to vulcanize the upper plate portion. (3) The specific gravity of the electrolyte is too large, the discharge current is too large, and the temperature is too high, so that the chemical reaction is intensified, and the produced lead sulfate is quickly deposited on the electrode plate, which also promotes vulcanization. In order to prevent the veneer from vulcanizing, the battery should be kept in a fully charged state, the electrolyte should be submerged in the plate edge, and the specific gravity of the electrolyte should be correctly selected according to the region and season. Reason 2: The battery discharges itself A fully charged battery is not used, and the battery is gradually lost. It is said to discharge itself. Self-discharge is unavoidable. Under normal conditions, the daily discharge rate should not exceed 0.35%-0.5%. The main reason for self-discharge: (1) The electrode or the electrolyte contains impurities, and a potential difference is generated between the impurities and the plates or between different impurities, and becomes a partial battery, and a circuit is formed by the electrolyte to generate a local current to discharge the battery. (2) The separator is broken, causing the positive and negative plates to be short-circuited. (3) There is electrolyte or water on the surface of the battery case, which becomes a conductor between the pole piles, causing the battery to discharge. (4) The active material is excessively detached and deposited on the bottom of the battery, causing the plate to be short-circuited to cause discharge. In order to reduce self-discharge, in addition to the battery manufacturing materials should be as pure as possible, the surface of the shell and the pile head must be kept clean during use. The electrolyte to be filled must be chemically pure sulfuric acid and distilled water. Reason three: the active material of the plate falls off During normal use and charging and discharging of the battery, the volume of the active material of the electrode plate continuously expands and contracts, which causes the active material to slowly fall off. If improperly used, the active material will quickly fall off in a large amount and cause short circuit of the plate. The main cause of the falling off of the active material of the electrode plate is that the current is too large or the temperature is too high during charging, and the battery is often overcharged. When discharging, the current is too large (for example, the time to connect to the starter motor is too long), causing the plates to sag (the inconsistent degree of chemical reaction occurs due to the participation of the active material of the plates, causing inconsistent volume changes throughout the plates), and the active substances may also fall off. . Cause four: shell crack or sealant crack The crack will cause the electrolyte to leak out and the liquid level to decrease. If there are fine cracks in the inner partition, the two single cells communicate, causing the voltage to drop. The main cause of the crack is that the battery seat screw is too tightly screwed; the knocking is too strong; the vent hole is blocked, the gas cannot be released, the pressure of the single cell is too large; the winter crack is cracked; the vibration in the driving is too large. 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