Molten salts, commonly referred to as salt melts, come in various forms and are employed across multiple industries. Some common applications include steel heat treatment and annealing, high-temperature process heating, and thermal energy storage in solar thermal power plants. Depending on the specific needs of an application, different salts can be chosen, such as chlorides, bromides, fluorides, organic salts, and nitrates. In many cases, a eutectic mixture of potassium nitrate and sodium nitrate is used.

While there are numerous heat transfer fluid options available, molten salts offer distinct advantages for certain applications. The properties of molten salts make them particularly well-suited for tasks requiring high temperatures and efficient heat transfer.

Why Choose Molten Salts?

Molten salts, especially nitrate salts, are widely favored in heat transfer applications due to their low melting points, excellent thermophysical properties, low vapor pressure, high operating temperatures, good corrosion resistance, and relatively low toxicity. These characteristics make molten salts ideal for increasing the upper temperature limits of liquid heat transfer media.

Although individual salts can be used in these applications, blending two salts together often reduces the melting point, allowing for lower minimum operating temperatures. This reduction minimizes the risk of freezing during operation. For instance, the melting point of sodium nitrate is 584°F (307°C), while potassium nitrate has a melting point of 631°F (333°C). When combined, these salts have a melting point of 431°F (222°C). This significant drop in melting point greatly enhances the operational flexibility of the salt blend, making it suitable for various high-temperature applications.

When an application requires temperatures exceeding 734°F (390°C) and demands a liquid heat transfer medium, molten salts become essential.

Advantages for Industrial Use

A wide range of salt blends can be tailored to meet specific operating temperature requirements in industrial settings. Compared to hydrocarbon fluids, molten salts exhibit minimal vapor pressure, even when operating near their temperature limits. This means that high-pressure equipment and piping are largely unnecessary, reducing costs and complexity.

Molten salts also operate at higher temperatures than other fluids like silicone oils and synthetic lubricants. Additionally, they possess excellent thermal stability and heat transfer properties. Their high efficiency makes them ideal for both heat transfer and energy storage applications. Furthermore, molten salts are environmentally friendly and can help reduce operating expenses.

Custom Molten Salt Systems for Your Needs

Depending on your application's requirements, there are three primary types of molten salt heating systems you can choose from: circulated molten salt systems, salt bath heaters, and direct heating for processes like metal assembly heat treatment.

At Sigma Thermal, we specialize in providing:

• Circulated molten salt systems that distribute hot liquid salt as a heat medium to process consumers like heat exchangers.
• Salt bath heater systems that rely on natural convection instead of circulation pumps. These systems are designed to operate at extremely high temperatures, supplying molten salt energy efficiently.

Sigma Thermal's team of experts designs and manufactures a variety of systems utilizing molten salt energy, including hot salt tanks, circulated molten salt systems, electric heaters, and salt bath heaters. With extensive resources and experience, we can create fully customized, automated systems tailored to your needs. Whether you're looking to optimize your current processes or develop entirely new ones, our innovative solutions can help you achieve your goals.

If you'd like to learn more about our molten salt systems and explore a custom solution for your specific application, feel free to request a quote today.

Overall, molten salts present a versatile and efficient solution for high-temperature process heating. With their unique properties and adaptability, they continue to play a critical role in modern industrial processes. If you're considering implementing molten salt systems in your operations, don't hesitate to reach out to Sigma Thermal for expert guidance and tailored solutions.

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