Soil Nutrients Tester's Determination and Analysis of Farmland Soil Nutrients
Guangdong Boluo County Xiacun Farm is located in the middle reaches of the Dongjiang River Valley, on the edge of the Pearl River Delta. It belongs to the junction of the plains and the hills. The land area is 250hm2. The valley flatland, platform and low hills are 91.6, 105.3, and 35.ohm, respectively. The terrain is low. Qiutai mainly. More than 75% of the slopes are gentle slope terraces, which are typical types of areas. The sloping soil of Xiacun Farm is dominated by subtropical zonal soil, ie, latosolic red soil, and the parent material is mainly schistose-like granite and metamorphic sandstone. The area has high temperature and humidity in the South subtropical monsoon climate conditions, the annual rainfall of more than 180Omm, the average annual temperature of 21.9 °C. Suitable for planting a variety of high-quality fruits and other cash crops, with great potential for production and development prospects. At present, apart from the fact that the land resources are fully utilized in the valley, most of the land and low hills are not well utilized or unreasonably used, resulting in great waste, which needs further development and utilization. In 1990, we conducted a detailed analysis on the soil nutrient status of the field using a soil nutrient tester in the “Pilot Survey for the Development and Management of Gentle Platforms in the Dongjiang River Basinâ€, which is intended to provide a theoretical basis for the rational development and scientific management of the gentle slope tableland in the future. in accordance with. 1 Summary of changes in soil nutrient content In this area, it is characterized by high temperature and rain, and during the formation of soil, silicate minerals are strongly decomposed and leached, and iron-rich aluminization is strong, resulting in low soil organic matter and nutrient content. According to the terrain, the field can be divided into low hilly and flat lands, with an area ratio of about 3:2. The larger part of the low hilly land has been planted with longan, litchi and other fruit trees. The total soil organic matter content ranges from 7.6 to 30.99/. Kg, which is slightly higher than the content of organic matter in the red soil in southern China (7.6-21.19/kg), but it is lower than that in the Pearl River Delta hilly platform (less than 20-309/kg in wasteland). The average content of soil organic matter in the field was 17.99/kg, of which the content was above 30.09/kg, and the content was 20 to 309/kg, accounting for 20% of the total soil area. A 209/kg accounted for about 70% of the total area; and <109/kg was only 10%. It can be seen that the soil organic matter content in the lower village farmland is mostly within the range of 10 to 209/kg, which is a moderately low level. The soil organic matter content varies with the use patterns and vegetation coverage, and the erosion is serious. The natural soil content of the scarce vegetation is The lowest; and most of the field has been cultivating the soil content is also below 209/kg, indicating that the entire field of organic matter content is relatively lacking, for this reason, in the management of farming should gradually increase soil organic matter content, increase organic fertilizer. The soil is eroded and the soil and water loss is serious. The organic matter layer is washed away, causing a strong acidic reaction of the soil. The pH of the soil is mostly between 4.0 and 5.5. It is a strong acid soil. The natural soil (low hill) has a pH of 4. Between 5.2, the slope farmland was between 4, 0 and 5.6, and the valley flat ground was slightly higher. The pH value was between 5.0 and 5.8, but the pH value of the surface of the old plantain after banana planting was only about 4.0 or 4.2. The lower layer is above 5.0. The above results indicate that the soil acidity of slope farmland is slightly lower than that of natural soil, but there is still a considerable part of the farmland (cultivation layer) pH value at 4 levels, and individual values ​​are less than 4. (ie 3.7 to 3.9), extremely acidic. According to the grading standard of soil pH (5), the soil on the slopes and sloping farmland is strongly acidic soil. The soil pH of the entire Shiziba (valley plain, area shmZ) is above 5.5, and all the remaining soil is Below 5.5, of which pHS.0 or less accounts for more than 80 intestines of the entire site, and pH below 4.5 also accounts for about 1/3 of the total area. With such a strong acidic reaction, the improvement of acidity should be emphasized in production management, lime should be added, and the pH value should be increased in order to facilitate the normal growth of the crop. 2 The Necessity of Soil Nutrients Soil nutrients are the essential material basis for plant growth and development. In natural soils, soil nutrients are mainly derived from soil minerals and soil organic matter; in farming soils, they also come from irrigation water and fertilization. The decomposition of soil organic matter and the weathering of minerals release nutrients accumulated and stored in the soil, as well as transformation and consumption. Therefore, there are different changes in soil nutrient status under different land use patterns and different topography. The results of the analysis showed that the total nutrient (N, P, K) content in the soil of the lower village field was very unbalanced. The total nitrogen content was low (ie, 0.4 to 1.59/kg), and the valley flat (formerly paddy field) reached a moderate level (1.0 to 1.59). /kg); Total phosphorus content is not high (average 0.859/kg); total potassium content of barren land and valley flat to rich, while the slope land is significantly lower (Table l). From Table 1, it can be seen that in the soil layer (generally less than 20 cm), the total amount of soil nutrients except K is generally lower than the top soil layer. Sloping farmland, which accounts for more than half of the total farmland area, has a slightly lower total phosphorus, total potassium, and organic matter content, except for total phosphorus, which is slightly higher than the barren slope and valley flatland. In particular, the total K content is far below the barren slope and valley flatland. From the point of view of the content of three nutrients, the supply of nitrogen in the soil of Xia Cunchang is poor, and the supply of phosphorus is also insufficient (the total phosphorus content is lower than .8 to 1.09/kg), while the potential supply capacity of potassium is in the wasteland and valley. The flatland is strong, and the potential for supplying potassium on sloping farmland is low, which may be related to the utilization of sluice and the decomposition of leaching. 3 Summary of soil nutrient determination The nutrient status of the soil under the village is summarized as follows: 3.1 Low content of organic matter and strong acidity of soil. Soil organic matter is an important source of various nutrients in soil, especially nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium and other nutrient elements. It is also one of the indexes to measure soil fertility. When the organic matter is different by 59/kg, Showing significant differences in soil fertility. The soil organic matter content in the next village farmland varies from 7.6 to 30.99/kg, and the difference in soil fertility can be imagined. The acidity and alkalinity of the soil has a great influence on the nature of the fertility, and the soil with a low pH (below 5.5) will It has an adverse effect on the activity of soil microorganisms and is therefore not conducive to the decomposition of organic matter. The acidity of the soil in the next village is strong (between pH 4. and 5.2). Therefore, in the development and utilization of the soil, organic fertilizer should be added to improve soil fertility, and lime should be used to reduce soil acidity. 3.2 The full amount of nutrients N, P, and K is not balanced. The total N content is low, and the total phosphorus content is not high, while the total potassium is low on the sloping fields, and the natural soil and valley flatland soils are relatively high, and the available nutrients are higher. However, with large changes in its content, there is still a very low supply of soil, resulting in an uneven distribution of nutrients throughout the farm. Slope red soil (natural soil) due to destruction of vegetation, the formation of sloppy grass slopes, and some serious soil erosion, resulting in lower organic matter, total nitrogen, total phosphorus content, and total potassium in different platforms have different performance. Therefore, when planting fruit trees in reclamation, they should be adapted to local conditions and rationally allocated so as to give full play to the soil potential. For cultivated soils, the nutrient content is also very inconsistent. There is a large difference between the high and low levels, and there is no certain regularity in the total and available nutrient content. Therefore, certain fertilizers cannot be applied equally to the whole field, especially in management, and technical guidance should be emphasized. 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