Question on the reporter in the "Technical Policy on Integrated Prevention and Control of Environmental Air Fine Particles Pollution"

The Ministry of Environmental Protection has officially released the "Technical Policy for Integrated Prevention and Control of Environmental Air Fine Particles Pollution" (hereinafter referred to as "Technical Policy"). This "Technology Policy" is the first comprehensive environmental technology policy issued in China. It clearly puts forward the general idea of ​​prevention and control of fine particulate pollution, and is also a good way to control local cities and regional air pollution. Its fundamental purpose is to reduce the concentration of fine particles in the ambient air. Improve environmental quality, protect human health and ecological safety, and promote technological progress. Whether it will affect the relevant price system will affect all aspects of mineral rights trading and international trade. Still to be studied.

Reporter: What is the purpose of formulating the "Technical Policy"? What is the nature of the "Technical Policy" document?

Responsible person: Since the reform and opening up, China's economy has continued to develop at a high speed, and coal -based energy consumption has increased significantly. With the rapid expansion of urban scale and the sharp increase in vehicle ownership, air pollution has become increasingly serious. Especially from the end of 2012 to the beginning of 2013, the northern part of China, which is typical of the Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei region, has experienced an unprecedented large-area, long-term continuous fine particulate matter heavily polluted weather, and once again given warning. Minister of Environmental Protection Zhou Shengxian emphasized that in the face of heavy pollution incidents, the broad masses of the people should "same and breathe together and fight together."

The report of the 18th National Congress of the Communist Party of China elaborated on ecological civilization, placed it at the height of the overall layout, and for the first time regarded the beautiful China as the grand goal of the future ecological civilization construction. Building a resource-conserving and environment-friendly society is an important way to achieve this ambitious goal. In recent years, the Ministry of Environmental Protection has issued a series of air pollution prevention and control policies and measures. The comprehensive prevention and control policy for fine particulate matter released this time is an important guarantee for building beautiful China, building ecological civilization and ensuring sustainable economic development.

The "Technical Policy" is a guiding document that proposes technical ideas and methods for solving problems and serves the government and environmental management departments at all levels in China. Relevant departments should, in light of the actual situation of fine particulate matter pollution in this area, combine the contents of the "Technical Policy" to take the medicine and take action to effectively prevent the pollution of fine airborne matter in the environment.

The "Technical Policy" puts forward the comprehensive thinking of the prevention and control of fine particulate pollution in China. In the actual application process, it is necessary to combine the standards related to particulate matter and various related related technical policies and related policy measures.

The "Technical Policy" will keep pace with the times, aiming at new problems and new changes that are constantly emerging in the process of prevention and control of fine particulate pollution, combined with the practice of governments at all levels and environmental management departments, timely revision, continuous improvement and development to better solve Fine particulate matter pollution problem.

Reporter: What are the processes of the publication of the "Technical Policy"? What is the difference between the draft and the draft for comment?

Responsible person: The preparation of the "Technology Policy" was entrusted by the China Academy of Environmental Sciences by the Science and Technology Standards Department of the Ministry of Environmental Protection. Beginning in late January 2013, a draft of the Exposure Draft was formed in February and public consultation was conducted for the whole country. At the same time, it was submitted to the relevant departments of the State Council, local environmental protection departments, relevant departments of the Ministry of Environmental Protection, the dispatched agencies, and relevant departments within the Ministry of Environmental Protection. 206 relevant units such as enterprises and institutions sent a letter of request for comments. After extensive consultation, several expert consultation meetings were held, and the review draft was formed after many revisions and improvements, and the expert review meeting was passed on April 15.

The Review Committee believes that the technical route formulated by the Technical Policy is reasonable, comprehensive in content and appropriate in technical requirements; the opinions of relevant units have been fully considered and adopted, and the opinions have been properly handled; the information submitted for review is complete, in line with the national environmental technology management document preparation format and content requirements. After the meeting, the preparatory group further revised the main body of the Technical Policy and the preparation instructions according to the opinions of the review meeting, and formed a draft for approval. It was reviewed by the Secretary of the Board on April 17. Afterwards, the compilation team further improved the text and technical description of the Technical Policy according to the opinions of the Secretary. On June 6, the Ministerial Conference officially adopted the "Technology Policy."

The "Technology Policy" has been highly valued by the leaders of the Ministry of Environmental Protection from the beginning of its preparation. On the basis of doing the preparatory work for the preparatory work, the leaders of the Science and Technology Standards Department have organized several experts to discuss the manuscripts. Continuously improve the "Technology Policy."

The officially released "Technical Policy for Integrated Prevention and Control of Environmental Air Fine Particulate Pollution" added the word "comprehensive" in the title, which is intended to highlight the "Technical Policy" as the overall thinking of China's future prevention and control of fine particulate pollution, and at the same time collecting opinions from all parties. On the basis of the above, the contents of the seventy-eighth sections of the consultation draft will be expanded, refined and further condensed, and revised into nine thirty-nine paragraphs, and the main technologies of fine particle pollution prevention and control will be explained one by one in the form of attachments. So that the "Technology Policy" can meet the needs of formulating macro-polluting policies for the prevention and control of fine particulate matter, and can guide specific practices and applications.

On the basis of the original draft for comments, the “Technical Policy” added two parts of “integrated prevention and control” and “enhanced scientific and technological support”. The “integrated prevention and control” part clearly stated that the rational development and utilization of energy is the priority area for prevention and control of fine particulate matter pollution. Implementing total coal consumption control and vigorously developing clean energy; at the same time, it proposes to prevent and control fine particulate matter pollution as one of the purposes of formulating and implementing urban construction planning, adjust industrial structure, form a reasonable industrial distribution spatial pattern, and pollute fine particulate matter exceeding the standard. The city made a clear request. The "Strengthening Science and Technology Support" section proposes that science and technology innovation should be used as an important means to prevent and control fine particulate matter pollution, encourage the development of scientific research work in the field of fine particulate matter, encourage the development of high-efficiency pollution control technologies, and at the same time strengthen the knowledge popularization and publicity of fine particle pollution prevention and control. Education to enhance the environmental awareness and public participation of the whole people.

At the same time, the "Technical Policy" changed the "other sources of pollution control" in the original draft for comments to "control dust pollution" and placed it in the fifth article, further emphasizing the impact of dust on fine particulate matter pollution.

Reporter: What is the definition of fine particles in the ambient air? Where does it come from?

Responsible person: According to relevant standards, fine particles in ambient air refer to particulate matter with an aerodynamic equivalent diameter of 2.5 microns or less, that is, PM2.5.

Fine particulate matter mainly comes from two aspects: first, fine particles directly released from various pollution sources into the air, including soot, dust, dust, soot, etc.; second, some chemically active gaseous pollutants (precursor pollutants) Fine particles formed after the reaction in the air. These precursor contaminants include sulfur oxides, nitrogen oxides, volatile organic compounds, and ammonia.

Chemical composition of fine particles is very complex, its surface will adsorb microorganisms, enrichment of heavy metals and organic pollutants, but also due to the fine particles suspended in the air long sedimentation difficult, not only reduce the transparency of the air, but also will have on human health Negative Effects.

The fine particulate matter and its precursor pollutants in the ambient air mainly come from industrial pollution sources, mobile pollution sources, dust pollution sources, domestic pollution sources, and agricultural pollution sources. Industrial sources include thermal power, metallurgy, petrochemicals, synthetic materials, pharmaceuticals, plastics processing, surface coating, electronics and equipment manufacturing, packaging and printing; mobile sources include road vehicles, motorized vessels, off-road machinery, trains, aircraft The sources of dust pollution include road dust, construction dust, powdery material storage yard dust, urban bare soil dusting; domestic pollution sources include catering, dry cleaning, small coal-fired oil-fired boilers, as well as coatings, adhesives, inks, aerosols. Waiting for the release of volatile organic compounds in the production and use process, household heating coal (oil) furnaces, domestic garbage and urban gardening wastes open burning, fireworks and firecrackers. Agricultural pollution mainly comes from agricultural land dust, straw and other agricultural waste incineration, agricultural fertilization and livestock and poultry farming.

Reporter: The principle of pollution prevention and control proposed in the "Technical Policy" has changed somewhat from the draft for comment. How is it determined?

Responsible person: The "Technology Policy" puts forward the principle of pollution prevention and control as "the government at all levels is leading, the pollutant discharge unit is responsible, the participation of all sectors of society, regional joint prevention and control, and long-term persistence." Compared with the draft for comments, the “sewage unit responsible” has been added to clarify the responsibility of the main unit of sewage disposal; and “prevention is the main cause, emergency protection is supplemented, and supporting comprehensive measures” is summarized as “regional joint prevention and control”. In the regional and composite characteristics of fine particulate matter pollution, it highlights the important role of joint prevention and control, and is more refined and more accurate than the draft for comments, covering all aspects of social production, circulation, life and consumption activities. The prevention and control of fine particulate matter pollution is regarded as a social project involving all walks of life, thousands of households and members of every society.

Reporter: How is industrial pollution prevention considered?

Responsible person: Industrial pollution source discharge is one of the main sources of fine particles in the air of China, accounting for 30% to 60% of the total amount of fine particles in the air of each city. The contribution rate varies with the industrial structure and layout of each region, the geographical environment, Meteorological conditions vary and vary. At present, China's industrial fine particulate matter pollution is mainly concentrated in thermal power, metallurgy, building materials, petrochemical and other industries.

Based on the original draft for comments, the “Technical Policy” has formulated prevention and control measures for industrial pollution sources from the following aspects.

First, strengthen the supervision of various types of pollution sources, ensure the stable operation of pollution control facilities, and effectively implement corporate environmental responsibility. Encourage the use of low-energy, low-pollution production processes to improve the level of clean production in various industries and reduce the amount of pollutants produced.

Second, strict and perfect national and local industrial pollutant discharge standards should be formulated to clarify the emission control requirements of various industries. In areas with serious environmental pollution and large pollutant emissions, strict local emission standards or special emission limits for national emission standards should be formulated. In 2012, the Ministry of Environmental Protection issued a new standard for ambient air quality, adding new particulate matter standard limits and tightening the limits for PM10. The tightening of environmental standards in China requires strong emission control to provide guarantees. However, China's current "Integrated Emission Standards for Air Pollutants" is difficult to provide strong guarantee for the implementation of new standards. Therefore, it is urgent to formulate strict and perfect national and local industries. Pollutant emission standards to better control fine particulate matter and ensure the implementation of new ambient air quality standards.

The third is to strengthen the control of fine particulate matter at a time, and adopt a relatively practical, efficient and economically feasible technique for controlling fine particles.

The fourth is to strengthen the control of fine particulate matter precursors, adopting the treatment technology of removing sulfur oxides, nitrogen oxides, volatile organic compounds and ammonia, and adopting reasonable techniques such as recovery, destruction, reduction and substitution to control the emission of fine particulate precursors. . At present, the control technologies of sulfur oxides and nitrogen oxides in key industries in China have been relatively mature, and some technologies have already reached the international leading level. VOCs treatment technologies such as adsorption recovery, catalytic oxidation, thermal storage combustion, and plasma have also been adopted in different industries.

The fifth is to strictly control the unorganized emissions of fine particles and their precursors, and make full use of measures such as containment and collection to reduce their emission levels.

Reporter: How to carry out work in the prevention and control of mobile source pollution?

Responsible: Motor vehicles and various mobile machinery are important sources of particulate matter in the ambient air. China's existing road pavement area is more than 4 billion square meters, but the city's motor vehicle possession is growing rapidly. Many cities, especially large and medium-sized urban areas, are unable to withstand the rapid growth of motor vehicle ownership. Motor vehicle exhaust has become one of the main sources of urban environmental air PM2.5 and its precursors, and its contribution rate is increasing year by year. Coupled with the irrational layout of the early urban planning and the neglect of environmental factors, the crowd activities are concentrated on both sides of the busy traffic line, and a large number of people are exposed to areas with high air pollution levels, due to the pollution of motor vehicle exhaust emissions. The possibility of a concentrated outbreak of urban air pollution incidents has already emerged, bringing unprecedented challenges and difficulties to the prevention and control of motor vehicles.

The "Technical Policy" clearly puts forward the principle of prevention and control of mobile source pollution, that is, prevention and control of mobile source pollution should reduce the content of harmful substances in fuel as soon as possible, accelerate the elimination of high-emission old motor vehicles and machinery, and strengthen the supervision of the use of motor vehicles and ships. And establish a long-term mechanism to continuously improve the emission control level of mobile pollution sources. Specific considerations are as follows:

The first is to further improve the cleanliness level of fuel oil for vehicles and machinery nationwide, reduce the content of harmful substances such as sulfur, and create the necessary conditions for implementing stricter emission standards for mobile pollution sources and reducing the emission levels of vehicles and machinery in use. At present, except for Beijing, Shanghai, Guangzhou, Nanjing and other cities in China, the sales of gasoline for vehicles in other regions can only meet the national second-stage standard (sulphur content does not exceed 150ppm), and diesel for vehicles is mainly diesel (sulphur content). Not more than 2000ppm). The low level of fuel cleanliness not only leads to high pollutant emissions, but also degrades engine emission control performance and even damages emission control components, making it impossible to implement more stringent emission standards. Increasing the cleanliness level of commercially available fuels can meet the implementation requirements of strict new vehicle (ship, machinery) emission standards, and can effectively improve the emission reduction effect of vehicles and vessels in use.

The second is to strengthen the control of unqualified vehicles in use for emission inspections, forcibly replace exhaust gas purification devices, and encourage economical measures such as subsidies and incentives to purchase low-emission vehicles and guide the accelerated elimination of old vehicles. It should be emphasized that heavy-duty diesel vehicles and private passenger cars of China I and China II should be phased out. Retire and renew old motor vehicles, according to the old vehicle's sewage volume, residual value, model, pollution loss cost, policy connection, car owners' willingness and other factors, each vehicle can receive corresponding government subsidies. Older motor vehicles that are subsidized and renewed are passenger and cargo vehicles that have been used for more than six years but have not reached the current emission standards.

The third is to actively develop new energy vehicles and electric vehicles. Public transportation should give priority to low-emission new energy vehicles. To develop the iron and other large-capacity rail transport facilities. Three-wheeled vehicles and low-speed trucks that failed to meet the same emission standards for light trucks were scheduled to be discontinued on schedule.

The fourth is to formulate and implement new air pollutant emission standards for motor vehicles and ships, and tighten the emission limits of pollutants such as particulate matter, hydrocarbons and nitrogen oxides. The implementation of the national phase IV motor vehicle emission standards, the timely implementation of the national phase V motor vehicle emission standards, and encourage qualified areas to implement the next phase of motor vehicle emission standards. Since 2015, low-speed vehicles (three-wheeled vehicles, low-speed trucks) have implemented the same energy-saving and emission standards as light-duty trucks. We will improve the environmental protection type approval and compulsory certification system for motor vehicles, and continuously expand the coverage of environmental protection supervision and inspection to ensure that vehicles mass-produced by enterprises meet emission standards. Vehicles that do not meet the national motor vehicle emission standards shall not be produced or sold. Strict environmental supervision of vehicles transferred to the field.

The fifth is to start from the perspective of fine particulate matter precursors, strictly control the discharge of oil and gas pollutants from gas stations, tank trucks and oil storage depots, and implement national emission standards on time.

Reporter: Why should we increase the content of "control dust pollution"?

Responsible person: The part of “Dust Prevention and Dust Pollution” is part of the “Other Pollution Sources Governance” section of the Exposure Draft. The reason for this increase is that the discharge of fine particulate matter from dust sources contributes a lot to the pollution of fine particulate matter in urban air, and it has the characteristics of strong time and space randomness, complex emission characteristics, dispersion, and difficulty in prevention and control.

Dust pollution sources should be based on road dust, construction dust, powdery material storage yard dust, urban bare soil dusting, etc. Carry out comprehensive improvement of urban dust, reduce urban bare land area, adopt measures such as planting trees and grasses to increase the greening rate, or appropriately adopt ground hardening measures to curb dust pollution. For various construction sites, various powder material storage yards, various port loading docks, etc., effective dust-proof and dust-preventing measures such as surrounding walls, dust-proof nets and spray dust suppressants should be adopted to prevent particulate matter from escaping. Develop the cleaning technology of construction materials transportation vehicles, set up vehicle cleaning devices, keep the vehicles on the road clean; timely clean, flush and sprinkle roads to reduce road dust.

Reporter: What are the prevention and control contents of domestic pollution sources and agricultural pollution sources?

Responsible person: Considering the important characteristics of complex and widely distributed sources of pollution, the source of pollution should promote green consumption, mobilize the enthusiasm of all sectors of society, and encourage public participation. We should advocate the formation of frugal and green lifestyles in the whole society, and minimize the discharge of fine particles in the life process; strictly control the discharge of particulate matter and volatile organic compounds in the catering industry, dry cleaning industry, small coal-fired oil-fired boilers, and strictly control open-air barbecues. Open burning, etc.; promote the use of clean energy and high-efficiency energy-saving boilers in urban suburbs and rural areas, using efficient and clean energy heating to reduce non-point source pollution.

The sources of agricultural pollution mainly include the burning of agricultural waste such as farmland dust, biomass and ammonia volatilization in the process of livestock and poultry, fertilization, etc. More detailed prevention and control plans should be formulated for the corresponding pollution sources to reduce the impact of agricultural pollution sources.

Reporter: From what aspects should monitoring and early warning and emergency work be carried out?

Responsible person: "Technical Policy" further strengthened the important role of monitoring, early warning and emergency in the prevention and control of fine particulate matter pollution, and highlighted "strengthening cooperation and information sharing between environmental protection and meteorological departments, and establishing an environmental air quality early warning and release platform", and The contingency plan for early warning of heavy air pollution and early warning response procedures are specified, including lists of pollutant discharge enterprises and facilities for emergency production and temporary suspension of production, vehicle restriction schemes, and dust control measures.

At the same time, the "Technical Policy" also emphasized the establishment of an emergency linkage mechanism for inter-sectoral heavy pollution incidents, and strengthened the assessment and revision of emergency plans to minimize the health hazards of particulate matter.

Reporter: What technologies are encouraged to be applied or developed?

Responsible person: First of all, we must emphasize the important role of scientific and technological innovation in the prevention and control of fine particulate pollution, carry out research and capacity building in related fields, and promote the prevention and control of particulate matter pollution.

Second, we must encourage the development of efficient pollution control technologies, encourage the use of a variety of mature and efficient pollutant purification technologies, as well as clean production technologies and resources and energy efficient use of technology to reduce the intensity of pollutant emissions. Encourage the development of new high-efficiency purification technologies for various fine particles and precursors such as nitrogen oxides and volatile organic compounds, including bag dust removal, electric dust removal, electric bag composite dust removal, wet electric dust removal, furnace kiln selective catalytic reduction, Molecular sieve adsorption and concentration, high-efficiency regenerative catalytic combustion, low-temperature plasma, high-efficiency water-based enhanced absorption.

Reporter: How should the “Technology Policy” be implemented to produce positive results?

Responsible person: First of all, it is necessary to clarify and emphasize that the “Technical Policy” is the general idea of ​​the prevention and control of fine particulate pollution in China at present, but it is not static and should be kept up with the times. The specific content needs to be continuously improved in future work practice. And development.

Secondly, the macro nature of the "Technology Policy" determines that in the actual application process, it is necessary to combine the particulate matter related standards and the existing various related technical policies and related policy measures to better play a role.

Third, fully grasp the important role of the "Technology Policy" in building beautiful China and promoting the construction of ecological civilization, optimize local economic development, and better protect human health and ecological environment.

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