How to scientifically name PM2.5
In 1971, the US Environmental Protection Agency (EAP) established atmospheric environmental quality standards based on the goal of protecting human health and promoting social well-being, requiring the measurement of six hazardous substances in the atmosphere. These six hazardous substances include particles suspended in the atmosphere with a diameter of 25 microns to 45 microns. English is a particulate matter, abbreviated as PM. In 1994, the US Environmental Protection Agency referred to particulate matter with particle diameters less than or equal to 2.5 microns as fine particles, denoted PM2.5. However, for the Chinese name of the PM family, even the academic research field is currently inconsistent, such as fine particles, particles into the lungs, harmful particles, fine particles, fine particles, and screaming. Wang Cunzhong said that at present, the confusion about the use of the Chinese name of PM2.5 is different from the phenomenon of "conventional convention" in terminology. “Conventional†means that although a term is lacking in science, it should not be renamed if it has been used for a long time and used consistently. For example, "sun-bathing" and "fire-fighting" and other words, although it is a violation of scientific nature, has been established, no ambiguity, different from the confusion of concepts and semantics, the Chinese translation of PM2.5 currently exists in various mess. Wang Cunzhong told reporters that as a scientific concept, whether it is to comply with the Chinese language and writing laws, or from the aspects of facilitating academic exchanges and literature retrieval, there should be a unified and standardized Chinese name. Whether a subject is developed depends mainly on whether it has a precise terminology system. Therefore, an authoritative body is required to validate a Chinese name to end this chaos. People are currently familiar with PM10, PM2.5 and PM1.0, including the PM250 used for spooning, but in fact the PM family is a large family whose members include particles with particle diameters from 1/1000 micron to 100 micron. It can be said that the size The difference is 100,000 times, and the height, weight, and weight are different. Obviously, it is unreasonable to use any name with a fixed scale to represent particles of other sizes, but if you name each scale, it will be a "disaster." So PM2.5 does not represent its hundreds of thousands of "brothers." Wu Rongsheng, a member of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, believes that Chinese names must be scientific, universal, and applicable. Describe the characteristics and scientific nature of PM2.5. In fact, scientists have been researching particulate matter from 0.1 micron to 1 micron in the air very early, because of the scale of the particles, in the natural processes of atmospheric radiation, atmospheric chemistry, earth-gas system water circulation, global material circulation, etc. Play a very important role. However, scientists' research does not target single-scale particles because the characteristics of 1.0 micron and 0.99 micron particles are not significant, and technically difficult to distinguish. It is more scientific to study the physicochemical properties exhibited by particles in a certain interval. If the Chinese name of PM2.5 is defined as fine particles, in the future, according to the needs, smaller scale particles can be added with a different degree of adverbs or adjectives to get a new name, such as, super. This is a successful experience in the nomenclature of many disciplines, such as high frequency, very high frequency, ultra high frequency and so on. Researchers have now called particulate matter with a particle size below 0.1 micron as "ultrafine particulate matter". Liu Qing, deputy director of the National Science and Technology Nomenclature Committee, pointed out that “renaming academic nouns is not a simple matter. To establish a Chinese name for PM2.5, it is necessary to consider scientificity, to be able to see the words clearly, and to accurately express the basic concepts; Uni-sense, different from other terms; in addition to systemic, further development of detection technology and scientific research, but also leave room for finer particles." Hu Min, director of the State Key Laboratory of Environmental Simulation and Pollution Control at Peking University, also agreed to use the particle system to name it. “PM2.5 is an environmental monitoring parameter. It has both a scientific meaning and a secondary scientific meaning, and the secondary scientific meaning is dominant. 'Dust' cannot cover its secondary scientific meaning and has been used in many fields.†Outside the laboratory, the deepest impression of particles such as PM2.5 is that it is "harmful". For Chinese-language names that should not contain “inhalable†and “harmful†content evaluations, Wang Cunzhong said that scientific nomenclature advocates the use of neutral words. Scientific research has found that suspended particulate matter does affect human health, especially by the discharge of fine particles formed in the air by human activities, causing air pollution. Fine particles enter the respiratory system through breathing. The smaller the particles, the deeper the depth of penetration. The probability of ultrafine particles entering the alveoli participating in blood circulation and substance exchange increases, which may induce various diseases such as asthma, heart disease and cerebrovascular. However, Wang Cunzhong pointed out that the "harmful" of these particles is only an effect of the interaction between human activities and aerosols, neither the full effect of PM2.5 nor its basic characteristics. "In contrast, I think it is more reasonable and more scientific to call 'fine particles'." Wang Cunzhong said, however, in the end, the name officially issued by the National Science and Technology Terminology Committee shall prevail. Regarding the Chinese name of PM2.5, as the authority for the examination of the authority authorized by the State Council, the committee began to collect opinions six months ago. Before the release, it will go through a complicated and rigorous working procedure, which may be officially released in the near future.
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