All-solid-state lithium batteries will significantly increase energy density and safety
Most cells consist of two solid, electrochemically active layers called electrodes separated by a polymer film that is impregnated with a liquid or gel electrolyte. However, recent studies have explored the possibility of an all-solid battery in which a liquid (potentially flammable) electrolyte will be replaced with a solid electrolyte, which enhances the energy density and safety of the cell. For the first time, a team at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology has now explored the mechanical properties of sulfide-based solid electrolyte materials to determine their mechanical properties when incorporated into batteries. New findings were revealed in this week's Advanced Energy Materials magazine by Frank McGrogan and Tushar Swamy, MIT students; Krystyn Van Vliet, professor of materials science and engineering; and Chen Mingqing, a professor of materials science and engineering; Four undergraduates enrolled in the National Science Foundation's Undergraduate Research Experience (REU) administered by the Massachusetts Institute of Technology's Materials Science and Engineering Center and its Materials Processing Center. Lithium-ion batteries provide a lightweight energy storage solution that makes many of today's high-tech devices available, from smartphones to electric cars. However, in such a battery, there is a significant advantage of replacing the conventional liquid electrolyte with a solid electrolyte. At comparable weight, this all-solid state lithium-ion battery provides even greater energy storage capacity at the battery pack level. They also substantially eliminate the risk of tiny, finger-shaped protrusions called "dendrites" that can grow through the electrolyte layer and cause shorts. "All-solid-state batteries are an attractive option for performance and safety, but there are still some challenges," Van Vliet said. In the lithium-ion battery dominated in the market today, lithium ions reach the other electrode from one electrode through the liquid electrolyte when the battery is charged, and then flow in the opposite direction when in use. "These batteries are very effective, but the liquid electrolyte is chemically unstable and even flammable," Van Vliet said. "So, it's safer if the electrolyte is solid, and it's smaller and lighter." 60Mn Forged Grinding Steel Ball
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