Study on Beneficiation Process of a Lead-Zinc Polymetallic Ore

Lead-zinc multi-metal ore effective and comprehensive recovery, is the problem of beneficiation workers has been a concern ^[1]. In this paper, based on the research of process mineralogy, a lead-zinc polymetallic ore was studied and compared. The principle and procedure of lead-sulfur mixed-mixed-concentrated concentrate re-grinding lead-sulfur separation-mixed tailings zinc-selecting zinc-mining tailings are discarded, and the valuable metals are well recovered.

I. Process mineralogy of ore

(1) The chemical composition of the ore

(2) Mineral composition of ore

The relative content of the main minerals in the ore is shown in Table 4.

(3) Main mineral inlay grain size

The inlaid grain size of the ore galena and sphalerite is coarse, and the coarse, fine and granular granules are embedded, and the particle size of the inlay is extremely uneven. The main inlaid particle size of galena is in the range of 0.01 to 2 mm; the sphalerite has a coarser inlaid grain size, and the main particle size ranges from 0.04 to 2 mm. Disseminated pyrite particle size relatively thin, mainly disseminated particle size 0.01 ~ 0.16mm.

Second, explore experimental research

This study focused on the experimental structure of the process, according to the research results of process mineralogy [2], found that the ore properties of the lead-zinc mine have the following characteristics:

1. The lead and zinc content of the lead-zinc ore is high, mainly sulfide ore, and has a certain degree of oxidation rate. The galena and sphalerite inlays are coarser (0.01~2mm), but the thickness is uneven. It can be tailed in the case of coarse grinding (-0.08mm is about 70%), but because of the large amount of pyrite and the relatively small grain size (0.04~0.16mm), it must be relatively finely ground to effectively separate.

2, forming substantially cadmiumgermanium present sphalerite, together with the zinc concentrate can be recovered. Silver is mainly found in lead minerals and can be recovered with lead concentrates. Gold is mainly found in pyrite, and the recovery rate of gold will depend on the recovery of pyrite.

3. The lead oxide of the lead-zinc mine is mainly lead bismuth (PbSO4), and most of lead bismuth and galena are entwined together, and their floatability is similar to galena, most of which can be sulfided with lead ore. The mines are recycled together without the need for a dedicated lead oxide sorting operation.

4. The main factor affecting the recovery of lead and zinc flotation is the presence of a large amount of pyrite (46.27%) in the ore. The separation of lead and zinc from pyrite directly affects the sorting index.

According to the characteristics of the above ore, a number of schemes were compared in the process of formulating the process ^[3] , including lead-sulfur mixed flotation, preferential flotation, and other floatable flotation processes.

(1) Priority flotation test research

The preferred flotation test process and results are shown in Figure 1, Table 5.

(II) Experimental study on lead-sulphur mixed flotation

The test procedure and results are shown in Figure 2 and Table 6.

(III) Experimental study on floatable processes

The test procedure and results are shown in Figure 3 and Table 7.

The experimental results of the process structure exploration show that the lead-sulfur mixed flotation process is more suitable for the ore properties of the lead-zinc mine for the following reasons:

Compared with the preferential flotation process, the hybrid flotation process has a high lead recovery rate and a low tail loss rate. The reason is that lead oxide is particularly sensitive to lime. The lead oxide which is inhibited by lime in the preferential flotation process is difficult to be recycled; the proportion of pyrite is large (46.27%), and the fineness of a section is -0.08mm, which is about 73%. At the time, the monomer dissociation degree of galena is about 90%, and the twins of sphalerite and pyrite each account for about 4%. In this case, the preferential flotation process is adopted, which will inevitably affect the lead recovery rate. .

The priority flotation process is adopted, and if sulfur concentrate is to be recovered, special sulfur selection operations must be added.

Compared with the floatable process and the floatation process, the lead-sulfur concentrates in the floatable process are too high in zinc, and the separation of lead, zinc and sulfur is difficult.

On the basis of exploratory experiments, the principle process and the pharmaceutical system were determined, that is, the principle flow of lead-sulfur mixed-mixed-concentrated concentrate after re-grinding lead-sulfur separation, mixed-mixing tailings, zinc-selecting and zinc-tailing tailings. The use of zinc sulfate to inhibit zinc, ethyl xanthate as a collector for lead and sulfur mixed selection, lead sulfur coarse concentrate after regrind, lime and sulfur iron, SN-9 floating lead for lead and sulfur separation; mixed selection of tailings with sulfuric acid Copper activator and butyl xanthate are collectors flotation sphalerite. In order to find the best pharmaceutical system and flotation conditions, conditional tests were arranged.

On the basis of the conditional test, the optimal conditions such as dosage, grinding fineness, flotation concentration and flotation time were determined, and the whole process closed-circuit test was carried out according to the optimal conditions.

Third, closed circuit test research

In order to carry out further comparison of the process structure, the following closed-circuit tests were arranged: lead-sulfur mixed-floating-floating coarse concentrate, first de-zinc closed-circuit test after grinding, lead-sulfur mixed-floating coarse concentrate, first dezincification, grinding and closed circuit Test, priority flotation process closed circuit test.

The results of the closed circuit test are shown in Table 8.

Comparing the results of three closed-circuit tests, it can be seen that the sorting index of the mixed flotation is higher than the preferential flotation process, indicating that the mixed flotation process is more suitable for the ore properties of the lead-zinc mine. For the mixed flotation process, the dezincification is carried out after grinding in the second-stage grinding operation, which is lower than that after the first dezincification. The lead concentrate has lower zinc content and the lead and zinc concentrate grades are higher, indicating mixed flotation II. The de-zinc removal after the grinding of the section grinding is more conducive to the separation of lead and zinc. In addition, considering that the value of zinc is higher than the value of lead, it is recommended that the de-zincification process after the first stage of mixing flotation and second-stage grinding is the process of expanding the lead-zinc mine into a 2000t/d concentrator. Taking into account the stability of lead-sulfur mixed dezincification and zinc selection operations in the industry, a sweeping of the lead-sulfur mixed dezincification operation is added, and a zinc selection operation is added. It can be seen from Table 6 that the lead-sulfur mixed float-mixed coarse concentrate has the dezincification process after grinding, and the quality of the sulfur concentrate is very good. The sulfur concentrate grade is 50.60%, and the sulfur recovery rate is 69.97%, which can effectively recover the sulfur concentrate comprehensively. mine.

The main element analysis results of the final product are shown in Table 9.

V. Conclusion

(1) The lead and zinc mines have high grades of lead and zinc, and are rich in rare metals such as sulfur, associated silver and cadmium, and have high development and utilization value.

(2) The results of process mineralogy indicate that the mineral composition of the ore is relatively simple, and the oxidation rate of lead and zinc is low. The metal minerals mainly include galena, sphalerite and pyrite. The gangue minerals are mainly calcite , dolomite and quartz. , feldspar . The galena and sphalerite inlays are coarser in grain size, and the pyrite content of the pyrite is relatively small. It can be tailed in the case of coarse grinding (-0.08mm, 70%), in relatively fine grinding (-43μm Separation in the case of about 90%).

(3) Silver is mainly distributed in galena. Cadmium and antimony mainly occur in sphalerite. Gold is mainly found in pyrite. Silver, cadmium and antimony are recovered with lead and zinc concentrates respectively, while gold is mostly lost in sulfur concentrates.

(4) In the case of a period of grinding -0.08mm, 70% to 73%, zinc sulfate is used to suppress zinc, ethyl xanthate is mixed with flotation lead sulfur, and lead sulfur coarse concentrate is re-grind (-43μm accounts for about 90%) After the lime and sulfur, SN-9 float lead for lead and sulfur separation; mixed tailings with copper sulfate and butyl yellow drug floating zinc, floating zinc tailings discarding process sorting the lead-zinc ore, obtained satisfactory The sorting index has better solved the problem of comprehensive recovery of valuable metals in the lead-zinc mine.

(V) Multi-program process structure Closed-circuit test results show that the formulation of a reasonable process flow is an important guarantee for obtaining satisfactory sorting indicators.

references

[1] Sun Chuanqi editor. Mineral processing technology and equipment in the contemporary world - the tenth annual survey of mineral processing (Wang Fuliang et al. Lead-zinc ore beneficiation) [M]. Beijing. Science Press, 2006, 87-118.

[2] Guangzhou Nonferrous Metal Research Institute. Research report on process mineralogy of a lead-zinc mine [R]. 2006,12.

[3] Guangzhou Nonferrous Metal Research Institute. A small-scale experimental study report on a lead-zinc ore dressing [R]. 2006,12.

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