The mine mainly uses a sublevel caving method with a bottom column. In order to further improve the economic benefits of the mine, in August 1983, the forced collapse method was used in the stage of horizontal deep hole falling mine and vibrating miner. The vibrating miner used is a vibrating vibrating miner with a vibrating motor.
The two ore blocks tested in this method are in the No. 21 and No. 29 ore bodies, and these ore bodies are all of the fissure filling and replacement type. The mining technical conditions of No. 29 ore body are shown in Table 1. The structural parameters of the test nuggets are shown in Table 2.
Table 1 Mining technical conditions of forced caving method in some mine application stages in China
Mine name | Mining law name | Ore body form | Ore body thickness (m) | Ore inclination (°) | Platts robustness factor and stability | Remarks |
ore | Surrounding rock |
On the plate | Lower plate |
Dexing Copper Mine | Forced caving method in horizontal deep hole mining stage | Vein | 30~300 | <10 | f=6~8
Medium stability | f=6~8
Unstable | f=6~8
Unstable | |
Taolin lead zinc ore | Forced caving method in horizontal medium-deep hole mining stage | Vein | 20
(average thickness) | 30~45 | f=8~11
stable | f=3~5
Unstable | f=10~12
stable | Conditions of the ore body in Shangtangchong District |
Fengshan Mine | Forced caving method in horizontal deep hole mining stage | Vein and lenticular | 15~50 | 60~80 | f=8~12
Medium stability | f=10~12
stable | f=10~12
stable | Condition of No. 29 ore body |
Dexing Copper Mine | Forced caving method for vertical upward and deep hole ore mining | Vein | 30~300 | <10 | f=6~8
Medium stability | f=6~8
stable | f=6~8
Unstable | |
Copper ore | Forced caving method for vertical upward and deep hole ore mining | Lenticular | 60~100 | 45~55 | f=8~15
Medium stability | f=10~15
More stable | f=6~8
Not very stable | Condition of No. 5 ore body |
Yangjiazhangzi Ridge former tin mine | Forced caving method in the falling chamber of the drug room | Vein | 30~50 | 30~60 | f=5~8
Unstable | f=4
Unstable | f=6~8
Unstable | |
[next]
Table 2 Structural parameters of the stage forced collapse method
Mine name | Mining law name | Mining equipment | Mine roadway direction | Stage height (m) | Nugget width (m) | Nugget length (m) | Bottom column height (m) | Funnel spacing (m) | Funnel or loading lane spacing (m) | Remarks |
Dexing Copper Mine | Forced caving method in horizontal deep hole mining stage | Electric pick | Vertical panel trend | 60 | 32 | 40 | 16~18 | 7 | 16 | |
Taolin lead-zinc mine | Forced caving method in horizontal medium-deep hole mining stage | Electric pick | Along the ore body | 40 | 20 (average) | 50 | 12 | 5 | 10 | |
Yimen Copper Mine Fengshan Mine | Forced caving method in horizontal deep hole mining stage | Vibrating miner | Vertical ore body trend | 50 | 15~30 | 30~50 | 8 | 7~8 | 15 | Load directly with a 2.0m 3 mine car |
Dexing Copper Mine | Forced caving method for vertical upward and deep hole ore mining | Electric pick | Vertical ore body trend | 60 | 15.2 | 40 | 16 | 5~6 | 15.2 | |
Copper ore | Forced caving method for vertical upward and deep hole ore mining | scraper | Vertical ore body trend | 60 | 16 | 90~100 | 15 | 12 | 16 | |
Yangjiazhangziling Qianxi Mine | Forced caving method in the falling chamber of the drug room | Electric pick | Vertical ore body trend | 35 | 30 | >30 | 7 | 6.5 | 15 | The mine drainage well is connected to the electric roadway by the next stage |
[next] The structure of the test nugget is shown in Figure 1. The tunnel is used to transport the roadway. Self-loading mine roadway excavation vibrates the diverting chamber and the neck of the mine, and installs the vibrating miner. At the same time, the excavators traveled the wind and the return air patio. In the neck of the bucket, a “T†shaped bucket rock drilling roadway was drilled 0.4m above the rear end of the vibrating taper platen. In the horizontal drawing, the vertical and horizontal downhole roadway is drilled, and the deep hole in the temporary mine pillar is drilled, and the rock drilling patio is drilled. When the rock drilling patio is dug into the horizontal compensation space elevation, the cutting lanes arranged in the vertical and horizontal directions are drilled at this level, and the rock drilling patio is continuously drilled upward. Finally, along the rock drilling patio, the staggered rock chambers are excavated from top to bottom. Transportation gateway with hanging metal mesh anchor Shotcreting. Part of the mining roadway with poor stability of the ore is supported by wooden sheds.
Fig.1 Forced caving mining method in the stage of horizontal deep hole falling ore and vibrating miner
1-Pulse-transported roadway; 2-vibration miner; 3-lower roadway; 4-level compensation space cutting roadway;
5-bell neck; 6-temporary pillar; 7-rock drilling patio; 8-rock drilling chamber; 9-expansion tunnel;
10- Deep hole for blasting temporary pillars; 11-Recovering deep holes; 12-Pedestrian ventilation patio;
13- return air patio; 14-total return air well; 15--upper roadway; 16-lower roadway;
17-fault; 18-mine block boundary; 19-falling ore [next]
A fan-shaped shallow hole is drilled in the expansion rock drilling roadway. The section of the cutting roadway at the level of the bottoming road and the compensation space is expanded to 3.5×3.5 m or 4.0×4.0 m, so that the volume of the compensation space is equal to 18% of the volume of the ore to be collapsed.
Deep holes are drilled in the rock drilling chamber with YQ-100 type down-the-hole drilling rig. The deep hole arrangement is mainly horizontal fan shape, only in the rock drilling chamber of the highest layer when the ore body protrudes from the top of the rock drilling patio. Drill a bundle of deep holes. The deep holes of the temporary blasting blasting at the level of the bottom and the level of the compensation space are arranged as parallel as possible. See Table 3 for the parameters of rock drilling and blasting in deep holes. The bottoming level and the compensation space level are used to blast the deep hole of the temporary pillar and the one-stage blasting of the deep hole of the mining.
Table 3 Rock drilling parameters of deep holes
Gun hole name | Blast hole arrangement | Borehole depth (m) | Bore hole diameter (mm) | Allowable deviation (°) | Minimum resistance line (m) | Maximum hole bottom distance (m) |
Deep hole forming compensation space | Parallel or fan shaped | ≤15 | 105~110 | ±3 | 1.5~2.0 | 2.0~2.5 |
Mining deep hole | Horizontal sector | ≤15 | 105~110 | ±3 | 2.5~2.8 | 2.8~3.2 |
In order to keep the contact surface of the collapsed ore rock falling in the process of ore-mining, a chart of the ore-mining plan was formulated, and a special person was organized to manage the ore-mining according to the plan of the ore-mining plan. According to the funnel number, the amount of ore is released according to the number of bins loaded. The large ore falling on the vibrating platen of the vibrating ore machine is crushed by bare drug pack or shallow hole blasting method, but the amount of explosive used should be less than 0.4-0.6kg per time, and 0.4 should be left on the platen. The ore cushion with a thickness of about m protects the platen. [next]
During the mining and deep hole drilling process, the fresh air flows through the manned wind patio into the bottom and the compensation space level, and the dirty wind is discharged through the rock drilling patio to the upper stage return airway. During the process of ore-extracting, fresh airflow enters the ore roadway from the upper plate along the vein transportation lane, and the sewage is discharged from the lower return air well.
Two ore nuggets were mined by the stage forced caving method. The technical and economic indicators obtained and the technical and economic indicators obtained by the sublevel caving method in the past five years are listed in Table 4. As can be seen from the values ​​in Table 4, the indicators of the former are better than the latter.
Table 4 Comparison of technical and economic indicators (average values) of the two mining methods
Indicator name | unit | Stage forced collapse | Bottom column sublevel caving |
Ore mining strength Standard ratio Ore recovery rate Ore depletion rate Mining explosives consumption Secondary broken explosive consumption Wood consumption Mining power consumption Raw ore cost | t/d m/kt % % Kg/t Kg/t M 3 / ten thousand tons Degree / ton Yuan / ton | 400～500 10~12 89～93.46 13~25 0.35~0.38 0.01~0.022 5.6~9.01 0.0133 16.59~17.726 | 112～300 24~29 85～88 26~35 0.36~0.38 0.06~0.065 16~30.2 0.798 19.85 |
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