Understanding the Fluids Your Car Needs

engine oil dipstickCar owners should regularly check the fluids that keep their vehicles running smoothly. Skipping oil changes or using poor-quality coolant can lead to serious issues, from engine misfires to reduced braking and steering performance.

Unfortunately, about a quarter of all cars on the road have at least one fluid that needs attention. Understanding what each fluid does and how to check it at home can save you time, money, and stress in the long run. Here's a breakdown of the key fluids your car relies on:

Engine Oil

Engine oil is essential for lubricating internal parts and reducing friction. Without enough oil, metal components can grind against each other, leading to expensive damage. It’s generally recommended to change your oil every 3,000 to 5,000 miles, depending on the vehicle and driving conditions.

To check the oil yourself, park on a flat surface and let the engine cool. Locate the dipstick, usually near the front of the engine. Pull it out, wipe it clean, and reinsert it before checking the level again. The oil should be between the “full” and “add” marks. Also, check the color—fresh oil is amber, while dark, sludgy oil may need replacing.

Transmission Fluid

Transmission fluid keeps your car’s transmission system running smoothly by lubricating gears and transferring power from the engine to the wheels. If your car struggles to shift gears or feels jerky, it might be low on fluid.

Unlike engine oil, transmission fluid doesn’t need to be changed as often—usually every 60,000 to 100,000 miles. However, it’s still important to check its color and consistency. New fluid is typically red and clear, while older fluid may turn brown or contain particles.

Coolant (Antifreeze)

Coolant helps regulate engine temperature, preventing overheating in summer and freezing in winter. It also protects against corrosion inside the engine.

You should top off your coolant every 50,000 miles, but regular checks are essential. If it looks cloudy, dark, or has a strange smell, it may be time for a flush. Never replace coolant with water—it can cause rust and damage over time.

Brake Fluid

Brake fluid transfers pressure from the brake pedal to the brake calipers, helping your car stop safely. As brake pads wear down, the fluid level drops, so it’s important to monitor it.

Changing brake fluid is not something most people do themselves, due to the risk of contamination. It’s best to have a professional handle this task to ensure your brakes remain reliable and safe.

Power Steering Fluid

Power steering fluid makes turning the wheel easier. If it's low, your steering will feel stiff and hard to control. Check the reservoir under the hood and top it off if needed.

Windshield Washer Fluid

This fluid keeps your wipers working effectively, especially during rain or snow. It’s easy to refill at home, and you should do it regularly, especially if you use your wipers often.

Other Important Fluids

There are a few more fluids that help your car function properly:

  • Differential Fluid: Lubricates the gears in your axles, supporting both your transmission and power steering systems.
  • Refrigerant: Used in your air conditioning system to keep your cabin cool. Not the same as coolant.

Ignoring routine maintenance on these fluids can lead to major problems, including engine failure, increased fuel consumption, and even accidents. Don’t wait until something breaks—stay proactive with regular checks and services. Contact our Naugatuck shop today to schedule an oil change or get a full fluid inspection.

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